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A pole-zero plot is plotted in the plane of a complex frequency domain, which can represent either a continuous-time or a discrete-time system: Continuous-time systems use the Laplace transform and are plotted in the s-plane: s = σ + j ω {\displaystyle s=\sigma +j\omega } Real frequency components are along its vertical axis (the imaginary line.
This application of the Nichols plot is central to the quantitative feedback theory (QFT) of Horowitz and Sidi, which is a well known method for robust control system design. In most cases, refers to the phase of the system's response. Although similar to a Nyquist plot, a Nichols plot is plotted in a Cartesian coordinate system while a Nyquist ...
Root locus analysis. Spirule. In control theory and stability theory, root locus analysis is a graphical method for examining how the roots of a system change with variation of a certain system parameter, commonly a gain within a feedback system. This is a technique used as a stability criterion in the field of classical control theory ...
Frequency response. This practical differentiator's frequency response is a band-pass filter with a +20 dB per decade slope over frequency band for differentiation. Its Bode plot when normalized with = and =-is: From the above plot, it can be seen that:
For transfer functions (e.g., Bode plot, chirp) the complete frequency response may be graphed in two parts: power versus frequency and phase versus frequency—the phase spectral density, phase spectrum, or spectral phase. Less commonly, the two parts may be the real and imaginary parts of the transfer function.
A second-order Butterworth filter (i.e., continuous-time filter with the flattest passband frequency response) has an underdamped Q = 1 ⁄ √ 2. [11] A pendulum's Q-factor is: Q = M ω / Γ {\textstyle Q={M\omega }/{\Gamma }} , where M is the mass of the bob, ω = 2π/ T is the pendulum's radian frequency of oscillation, and Γ is the ...
Frequency response of a piezoelectric sensor; output voltage over applied force versus frequency. A detailed model includes the effects of the sensor's mechanical construction and other non-idealities. The inductance L m is due to the seismic mass and inertia of the sensor itself. C e is inversely proportional to the mechanical elasticity of ...
Spectral sensitivity is the relative efficiency of detection, of light or other signal, as a function of the frequency or wavelength of the signal. In visual neuroscience, spectral sensitivity is used to describe the different characteristics of the photopigments in the rod cells and cone cells in the retina of the eye.