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A control system manages, commands, directs, or regulates the behavior of other devices or systems using control loops. It can range from a single home heating controller using a thermostat controlling a domestic boiler to large industrial control systems which are used for controlling processes or machines.
An industrial control system (ICS) is an electronic control system and associated instrumentation used for industrial process control. Control systems can range in size from a few modular panel-mounted controllers to large interconnected and interactive distributed control systems (DCSs) with many thousands of field connections.
Control systems play a critical role in space flight. Control engineering or control systems engineering is an engineering discipline that deals with control systems, applying control theory to design equipment and systems with desired behaviors in control environments.
Distributed control systems (DCS) are dedicated systems used in manufacturing processes that are continuous or batch-oriented. Processes where a DCS might be used include: Chemical plants; Petrochemical (oil) and refineries; Pulp and paper mills (see also: quality control system QCS) Boiler controls and power plant systems; Nuclear power plants
Examples are the cruise control example above, or an audio system, in which the control input is the input audio signal and the output is the sound waves from the speaker. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) – These are found in more complicated systems.
Commonly used control systems include programmable logic controller (PLC), Distributed Control System (DCS) or SCADA. Example of level control system of a continuous stirred-tank reactor. The flow control into the tank would be cascaded off the level control. A further example is shown.
Real-time Control System ( RCS) is a reference model architecture, suitable for many software-intensive, real-time computing control problem domains. It defines the types of functions needed in a real-time intelligent control system, and how these functions relate to each other. Example of a RCS-3 application of a machining workstation ...
Control engineering in many applications produces control systems that are more complex than PID control. Examples of such field applications include fly-by-wire aircraft control systems, chemical plants, and oil refineries. Model predictive control systems are designed using specialized computer-aided-design software and empirical mathematical ...
An example of a nonlinear control system is a thermostat-controlled heating system. A building heating system such as a furnace has a nonlinear response to changes in temperature; it is either "on" or "off", it does not have the fine control in response to temperature differences that a proportional (linear) device would have.
Motion control systems are extensively used in a variety of fields for automation purposes, including precision engineering, micromanufacturing, biotechnology, and nanotechnology. [1] The main components involved typically include a motion controller, an energy amplifier, and one or more prime movers or actuators.